Amniotic Fluid as a Potential Source of Extracellular Vesicles With Anti-inflammatory and Regenerative Properties

Hassanpour, Kamyab; Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein

doi:10.32598/Immunoregulation.6.2.7

Amniotic Fluid as a Potential Source of Extracellular Vesicles With Anti-inflammatory and Regenerative Properties

Document Type : Review article

Authors

¹ School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

² Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

10.32598/Immunoregulation.6.2.7

Abstract

Cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is a potent treatment for many diseases or disorders. Meanwhile, MSCs-based cell-free products, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as an alternative to MSCs. These MSC-EVs have been used in different trials to treat various inflammatory-dependent disorders. MSCs, according to their isolated tissue source, could present different therapeutic features and their derived EVs. One of the new sources for MSC isolation is amniotic fluid (AF). In addition, other than MSCs, new studies have used AF as an acceptable source for EV isolation. These isolated EVs from AF (AF-EVs) or AF-derived MSCs EVs (AF-MSC-EVs) have been used in different in-vitro and animal studies to treat a wide variety of inflammatory-dependent pathological conditions due to their confirmed anti-inflammatory potentials (through suppressing different pro-inflammatory cytokines). Meanwhile, in other conditions requiring repairing properties (e.g. wound healing or myocardial infarction), considering their regenerative and angiogenic potentials, these EVs have shown proper therapeutic results. Furthermore, other than the in-vitro and animal studies, AF-EVs containing treatment have successfully been used in some clinical trials and showed no adverse events among the patients and expressed potent anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of two very important pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Accordingly, AF-EVs and AF-MSC-EVs could be suitable choices for treatment due to their anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. However, further clinical studies are needed.

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